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YouTube Science, Quantum Hype, the End of a Physics Era, and Complex Numbers
This week’s science bits from SWTG

I'll be in London next year on May 7 at the RI Theatre to discuss the mystery of existence. Tickets here.
Fitness YouTuber Conducts Research Study

Jeremy Ethier, a fitness YouTuber with 7+ million subscribers, has spent $40,000 to conduct a research study on the benefits of stretch-focused training. This training method has become popular in recent years, with its proponents claiming that it speeds up muscle gain.
He recruited 20 participants who did the stretch-training on one side and standard training on the other side. After 10 weeks, muscle growth on both sides was the same. About half of the money went into MRI scans to measure muscle volume.
In related news, the cardiologist and YouTuber Rohin Francis has reported – on YouTube – that he seems to see an unusual correlation between testosterone use and heart problems and calls on colleagues to collect data and study the issue.
It’s not that I’ve suddenly become interested in muscle building, but I find these are stunning examples of how social media can aid research.
This week’s episode of Science News is about complex numbers — these numbers are created when you add a real number and an imaginary number (like “i”). They’re used throughout math and physics, notably in the Schrödinger equation, which is the key to quantum physics. In 2021, physicists published a paper claiming that you can’t entirely get rid of complex numbers in quantum physics, but two teams of physicists recently published papers disputing that claim. Let’s take a look.
Google’s Quantum AI team Warns of Quantum Hype

In a new arXiv preprint, Google’s quantum computing researchers suggest a five-stage framework to build research up to commercial relevance. They stress that this will require paying more attention to what quantum algorithms can actually achieve that is of practical relevance. So far, there are few known applications of quantum computers and it is unclear whether these will ever deliver a good return on investment.
As they write: “Many papers on the quant-ph arXiv explore the topic of quantum applications by relating established quantum algorithms to industrial challenges while avoiding the singular question that relentlessly haunts our collective endeavor: is this likely to ever lead to a quantum advantage?” They also warn that the field of quantum computing “may burn through valuable public trust if exaggerated narratives around timelines and applications of quantum computing perpetuate unchecked.” Paper here.
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The End of a Physics Era

Reconstruction of particle tracks in the CMS detector for a Higgs candidate event. Credits: CERN/CMS
The foundations of physics have undergone a dramatic shift in the past decade, in which especially high energy particle physics has moved away from speculative theory-development because it simply didn’t work. This is the brief summary of a recently published study that tracked the opinions of physicists before and after the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. “Now, we find the goals, based on the shared consensus of the field, to be primarily experimental,” they summarize in what one could call a psychoanalysis of a research area. Paper here.
The problem with this shift is that it has left the foundations of physics directionless. Because now, no one has any good theories, and no one has any idea what a promising experiment would even be. Personally, I think that physicists took a wrong turn in the 1980s by banking progress on going to higher energies, when they should instead have looked at low-energy, massive quantum states. This latter research direction is now growing, albeit very slowly, and with still very few active researchers.
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